L?industrie de la p?che ? Lunenburg de 1870 aux ann?es 1940
English
By 1870, Lunenburg schooners abandoned the Labrador fishery and concentrated on the fishing banks off of Nova Scotia and Newfoundland. Instead of handlining from the schooner deck, fishermen set out in dories - double-ended, flat bottomed boats - which could be easily stackers on deck when not in use. Handlining soon gave way to the use of trawls or long lines. This consisted of a length of line almost a mile long with smaller lines and baited hooks every six feet. Trawls were set on the bottom from dories and as long as the fish were plentiful, the fishermen would haul the trawl, remove the fish and then bait and set each hook again. This method of setting and hauling was known as "under running" and it greatly improved the productivity of the cod fishery.
Besides catching the fish, many Lunenburgers were also involved in drying the catch on shore and in building the schooners and dories. Expenses and profits for each vessel were calculated by dividing its worth into 64 shares which were sold to members of the community. Investors would normally acquire shares in more than one vessel thus limiting any personal losses if a vessel was lost or had a poor season. By 1900, the salt fish trade with the West Indies was the mainstay of the Lunenburg economy and 200 fishing schooners carried nearly 2000 Lunenburg County fishermen to the Grand Banks off New England.
The 20th century development of cold storage plants and the advent of auxiliary (motorized) schooners resulted in the growth of a "fresh fish" industry. Lunenburg fishermen continued to fish from dories using long lines or trawls but ice replaced salt as the preservative. Vessels such as the auxiliary schooner
Theresa E. Connor, now part of the Fisheries Museum of the Atlantic, continued to fish until 1963 using methods similar to those developed in the mid-19th century.
Did you know that all of the dories used by Lunenburg schooners were built locally of wood cut in Lunenburg County woodlots?
French
En 1870, les go?lettes de Lunenburg d?laissent les eaux du Labrador pour se concentrer sur les bancs de p?che au large de la Nouvelle-?cosse et de Terre- Neuve. Au lieu de p?cher ? la ligne ? partir du pont de la go?lette, les p?cheurs partent en doris - embarcations amphidromes ? fond plat - qu?on peut facilement empiler sur le pont lorqsqu?on n?en a pas besoin. La linge ? main a vite fait place aux lignes donnantes, appel?es aussi palangres. Ces derni?res sont des lignes de pr d?un mille de long auxquelles pendent des cordelettes munies d?hame?ons app?tes tous les six pieds. Les palangres sont pos?es au fond de l?eau ? partier des doris. Tant que le poisson abonde, les p?cheurs rel?vent les lignes, en retirent le poisson et regarnissent les hame?ons avant de les remettre ? l?eau. Cette m?thode permet d?accro?tre de beaucoup la productivit? de la p?che ? la morue.
Outre le capture du poisson, beaucoup de Lunenbourgouis s?occupent du s?chages des prises ? terre et de la construction de go?lettes et de doris. Les d?penses et les b?n?fices de chaque embarcation sont calcul en divisant leur somme entre les 64 parts vendues aux membres de la collectivit?. En g?n?ral, les investisseurs ach?tent des parts dans plus d?un bateau de mani?re ? r?duire leurs pertes en cas de naufrage ou d?une saison m?diocre. En 1900, le commerce du poisson sal? avec les Antilles est le pivot de l??conomie lunenbourgoise et 200 go?lettes de p?che transportent pr de 2 000 p?cheurs de comt? de Lunenburg sur les Grands Bancs de Terre Neuve.
L?expansion des entrep?ts frigorifiques au 20ᵉ si?cle et l?av?nement des go?lettes ? moteur ont pour rultat de faire na?tre l?industrie de la ?peche fra?che?. Les p?cheurs lunenbourgeois continuent de p?cher ? la palangre dans des doris, mais la glace remplace le sel comme agent de conservation. Des navires comme la go?lette ? moteur
Theresa E. Connor, qui fait maintenant partie du Mus?e de p?ches de l?Atlantique, a ?t? en service jusqu?en 1963, employant des m?thodes semblables ? celles qui ont ?t? mises au point au milieu du 19ᵉ si?cle.
Saviez-vous que le doris employ par les go?lettes lunenbourgeoises sont tous fabriqu localement avec du bois coup? dans les for?ts du comt? de Lunenburg?
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